Abstract:Package managers are legion. Every programming language and operating system has its own solution, each with subtly different semantics for dependency resolution. This fragmentation prevents multilingual projects from expressing precise dependencies across language ecosystems; it leaves external system and hardware dependencies implicit and unversioned; it obscures security vulnerabilities that lie in the full dependency graph. We present the \textit{Package Calculus}, a formalism for dependency resolution that unifies the core semantics of diverse package managers. Through a series of formal reductions, we show how this core is expressive enough to model the diversity that real-world package managers employ in their dependency expression languages. By using the Package Calculus as the intermediate representation of dependencies, we enable translation between distinct package managers and resolution across ecosystems.
去年11月，第三届沙特国际手工艺周在利雅得努拉公主大学举行，中国作为主宾国亮相。中国馆内，中国工艺美术馆组织千余件手工艺作品展出，并邀请20位非遗代表性传承人现场展示技艺。中国馆外，安徽花鼓灯、广东醒狮、川北大木偶戏和陕西华县皮影戏等非遗项目每天在核心区域展演，观众争相与演员合影。沙特遗产委员会手工艺部主任达利娅·叶海亚表示，沙中两国在手工艺领域都有着悠久历史，纺织、刺绣等技艺相近。本届手工艺周上，两国手工艺人交流探讨、分享经验，促进文化互学互鉴、共同发展。
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